1. 词语含义的理解

　　[1] Common sense is the measure of the possible；it is composed of experience and prevision；it is calculation applied to life。

　　☆ 常识是对可能性的衡量；它由经验和预见构成；它是应用在生活中的度量衡。

　　[2] If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt，they would take heart and try again。

　　☆ 世上的失败者若能了解到当今的天才曾经有半数一度感到过多绝望，他们就会振作精神，再次努力。

　　[3] Intellectual endowments，internal drive，diligent working attitude and  indomitable spirit all are prerequisites of the success of scientific research。

　　☆ 聪明的天资、内在的动力、勤奋的工作态度和不屈不挠的精神，这些都是科学研究成功的前提。

　　2. 反义词的理解

　　[4] The reasonable man adapts himself to the world；the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the would to himself。

　　☆ 明白事理的人使自己适应世界，不明事理的人硬要世界适应自己。

　　3. 派生词的理解

　　[5] Increased means and increased leisure are the two civilizers of man。

　　☆ 越来越多的工具和越来越多的闲暇是使人们获得文明的两个要素。

　　[6] To think too long about doing a thing often becomes its undoing.                      

　　☆ 为做一件事情考虑太久常常做不成这件事。

　　[7] We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike. We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are。

　　☆ 不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了。我们从不像我们所说的那么痛苦，也从不那么快乐。

　　4. 比喻含意的理解

　　[8] Originality is unexplored territory. You get there by carrying a canoe—you can’t take a taxi。

　　☆ 创新是未开交的区域，你要到达那儿，只能独自去闯，不能搭便车。

　　5. 对比关系的理解

　　[9] It may be more comfortable to never make mistakes，but those men who， in their urge to be right once，make a thousand mistakes，are more useful to humanity。

　　☆ 永不犯错固然很好，但那些为了一次正确，而不惜犯一千次错误的人对大类更有用。

　　[10] Most arts require long study and application, but the most useful of all, that of pleasing, requires only the desire。

　　☆ 绝大多数艺术家需要长久的学习和实践，而最有用的艺术，即取悦人的艺术，自需要有此愿望。

　　[11] Real courage is when you know you’re licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what.                   

　　☆ 真正的勇气是在开始之前你就知道已经败了，但仍然着手去做，而且不管发生什么事都把它做到底。

　　[12]  It is seldom very hard to do one’s duty when one knows what it is，but it is often exceedingly difficult to find this out.                             

　　☆ 在知道自己的责任时时尽责往往并不困难，但弄清责任何在常常极其费力。

　　[13]  It is not money，as is sometimes said，but the love of money—the excessive，selfish，covetous love of money，that is the root of all evil。

　　☆ 全钱并非如人们有时所说的那样是万恶之源。对金钱的追求一过度的、自私的、贪婪的追求，才是真正的根源。

　　[14]  What is called a great master is a person who sees with his own eyes what others have seen， but he can find beauty in the common sights.   →V+A+O

　　☆ 所谓大师就是这样的人，他以自己的眼睛看别人看到过的东西，但是能够从常见的东西中发现美。

　　[15] The drop of rain makes a hole in the stone，not by violence，but by the frequency of falling。

　　☆ 滴水穿石靠的不是强力，而是不断的下落。

　　[16] The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them，but to be indifferent to them. That’s the essence of inhumanity。

　　☆ 我们对作为同类的其他人所犯下的最大罪过不是憎恨，而是漠不关心，那是不近人情的本质。

　　6. 修饰语的范围

　　短定语须前置，理解为包孕句

　　[17]  All truth，in the long run，is only common sense clarified。

　　☆ 从长远来看，所有的真理都只是已被澄清的常识。

　　[18] I think of a hero as someone who understands the degree of responsibility that comes with his freedom。

　　☆ 我认为英雄就是了解与他们的自由伴随而来的责任程度的人。

　　[19] Friendship is really the most sacred，which merits not only special worship but also eternal praise。

　　☆ 友谊实在是最神圣的东西，不仅值得特别尊敬，而且值得永远赞颂。

　　[20] The true value of a human being is determined primarily by the measure and the sense in which he has attained liberation from the self.    

　　☆ 人的真正价值，首先取决于他在多大的程度和怎样的意义上获得自我的解放。         

　　[21] Anxiety is the essential condition of intellectual and artistic creation and everything that is finest in human history。

　　☆ 渴望是智力创造，艺术创作及大类历史上一切最美好的事物的根本条件。

　　[22] There are no conditions to which a man cannot become accustomed，especially if he sees that all those around him live in the same way。

　　☆ 没有什么环境是人所不能适应的，尤其是在看到周围的人都以相同方式生活时。

　　[23] Isn’t it strange that we talk least about the things we think about most？

　　☆ 我们得谈得最少的，恰恰是我们想得最多的，这不是挺奇怪的吗？

　　[24] If one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams and endeavors to live the life he imagined，he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours。

　　☆ 一个人如果充满信心地向梦想的方向前进，努力实践所想像的生活，他就会迎来平常想不到的成功。

　　7。多重定语结构

　　[25] Thinking is the hardest work there is, which is probably the reason so few engage in。

　　☆ 思考是所有工作当中最困难的，这很可能是没有几个人思考的原因。

　　[26] Poetry should be great and unobtrusive，a thing which enters into one’s soul， and does not startle it or amaze it with itself，but with its subject。

　　☆ 诗歌应当是非凡而不唐突的，它是这样一种东西：它进入人的心灵，不是以其本身，而是以其主题使之震动或惊奇。

　　[27] A good scientist is a person with original ideas. A good engineer is a person who makes a design that works with as few original ideas as possible。

　　☆ 一个好科学家是一个有独创性见解的人。一个好工程师是一个尽量不用任何独创见解来进行设计的人。

　　[28] The great society is a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals than the quantity of their goods。

　　☆ 伟大的社会是这样的地方，人们更关心的走自己的目标的质童而非财富的数量

　　[惯用句法：定语从句中套用状语从句]

　　8. 多重状语结构

　　[28] The holy passion of friendship is of so sweet and steady and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a whole lifetime，if not asked to lend money. 

　　☆ 友谊这种神圣的情感如此甜蜜、稳定、忠诚和持久，它会贯穿一个人生命历程的始终，只要不张口借钱。

　　[29] Wise living consists perhaps less in acquiring good habits than in acquiring as few habits as possible。

　　☆ 明智的生活方式与其说是养成好习惯，还不如说是养成尽可能少的习惯。

　　[30] Faith may be defined briefly as an illogical belief in the occurrence of the improbable.   【介词短语作状语】

　　信仰可以简洁地定义为对不可能之事的发生所持的不合逻辑的信念。

　　[31] Obviously， to the clever or the dull by nature，if they are determined to get praiseworthy achievements， they must study hard and practise more。

　　☆ 很显然，无论是天资比较聪明的人或走天资比较驽锐的人，如果他们决心要得到值得称违的成就，都必须勤学苦练才行。

　　[32] Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at  a  distance；they make latitudes and longitudes。

　　☆ 没有什么比得上有朋在远方更使地球显得如此巨大，他构成了纬度和经度。

　　[33] You can make your world so much larger simply by acknowledging everyone else's.  ①V+O+C结构；② 副词可以限定形容词或介词短语。

　　☆ 承认别人的天地，自己的天地会更广阔。

　　[34]Success can be only one ingredient in happiness， and is too dearly purchased if all the other ingredients have been sacrificed。

　　☆ 成功只能是幸福的一个组成部分。如果为了获得成功而牺牲所有其他的成分，就太得不偿失了。

　　9. 平行结构

　　[35] It is easier to do one’s duty to others than to one’s  self. If you do your duty to others， you are considered reliable. If you do your duty to yourself， you are considered selfish.                        

　　☆ 向他人尽责比对自己尽责要容易。如果你向他人尽责，你就被认为是可信赖的。如果你向自己尽责，你就会被认为自私。

　　[36]  If scientific discovery has not been an unalloyed blessing，if it has conferred on mankind the power not only to create but also to annihilate，it has at the same time provided humanity with a supreme challenge and a supreme testing。

　　☆ 如果科学发现不是纯粹的喜事，如果它赋予了人类不仅是创造还有毁灭的力量，它同时就向人性提出了最大的挑战和最大的考验。 

　　[37] I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit for political purpose my opponent’ s youth and inexperience。

　　☆ 我不会把年龄作为这次竞选的一个问题，我不打算为了政治目的而利用对手的年轻和缺乏经验。【重要语法结构：V+O+C 和 V+A+O】

　　[38] There is one thing more important than knowing self，it is governing self.There is one thing better than crushing impulse，it is using impulse。

　　☆ 有一件事比自知受重要，即自制。有一件事比压制冲动更可取，即利用冲动。

　　[39] Two illusions fostered by higher education are that what is taught corresponds to what is learned，and that it will somehow pay of in money.   

　　☆ 高等教育造成了两种错觉，一是教的东西就等于学到的东西， 二是它总会通过某种方式以金钱回报。

　　10. 多重宾语从句

　　[40]  Too often we forget that genius，too，depends upon the data within its reach，that even Archimedes could not have devised Edison’s inventions。

　　☆ 我们确实是经常忘记，天才也依赖于所能得到的资料，就连阿基米德都无法设计出爱迪生的发明。