Unit 11     part4

　　
 
重点词汇：
intellect  （才学） 即intel=inter在…之间+lect选择→在事情中善于选择。Intellect distinguishes humans from other animals.人类与禽兽之别在于人具有思维能力 He was one of the most formidable intellects of his time.他是该时代的盖世奇才
athlete  （运动员,体育家） Most first-class footballers are natural athletes.多数一流的足球运动员都是天生的健将 athletics meeting 运动会
entertainer  （专业演员）He’s a popular television entertainer.他是大众喜爱的电视演员  动词：entertain
entrepreneur  （企业家） He would not have successesd in such a risky businesss if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.假若他不是那么精明强干的企业家，就不会在这样冒险的事业中取得成功
symptom（征兆，表现）  The doctor made his diagnosis after studying the patient's symptoms.医生在研究病人的症状后, 作出了诊断  This demonstration was a symptom of discontent among the masses. 这次示威表明民众中有不满情绪
pervasive （到处弥漫的，普遍的） the pervasive mood of passimism  普遍存在的悲观情绪 Certainly TV is the most powerfull and pervasive of the media. 电视肯定是传播媒介中最强大和最有渗透力的
distaste（厌恶） look at an advertisment with distaste. 厌恶地看某一则广告 a distaste for violent sports 不喜欢剧烈运动
vulnerable（易受攻击的，脆弱的） Young birds are very vulnerable to predators. 幼小的鸟易受到肉食动物的伤害
populist  （平民主义者） populist theories 平民主义的理论
elitism（精英统治论，优越感） Many peoplee believe that private education encourages eleitism.许多人认为私人办学可助长精英主义 Elitism almost inevitably insinuates itself in the minds of such people. 优越感几乎不可避免地潜入这样一些人的头脑中
rigorous（严格的，严厉的） rigorous discipline严明的纪律 rigorous attention to detail 一丝不苟
restraint （抑制，克制）  throw off the restraints of convention 打破常规的限制 the restraints on the family budget of a limited income 有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束
bellyful（满肚子）  I’ve had a bellyful of your complaints. 我已经听够了你的怨言
exemplify   （例证） This painting exemplifyies the artist’s early style.这幅画是该画家早期艺术风格的典型
contemplative（沉思的） a contemplative person 深思熟虑的人
manipulate （[熟练地]操作，[巧妙地]处理）main=hand手。 Primitive man quickly learned how to manipulate tools.原始人很快学会了使用工具  She uses her charm to manipulate people. 她利用其魅力左右他人
ponder   (沉思，考虑） pondering on the meaning of life. 深深地思考人生的意义
theorize（建立理论，理论化） It’s a capital mistake to theorize before one has data.还未掌握数据就空谈理论是个大错
militantly（好战的） 即milit=fight战斗+ly。
hostility（敌意，敌对） 即host=guest+il+ity。 feelings of hostility敌对情绪 He needs an outlet for his frustration and hostilities. 他需要把心中的沮丧和怨恨发泄出来
难句分析：
①Razitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
▲句子的主干是Razitch's latest book…traces the roots…。Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms是书的同位语，concluding引导的是状语。
△其中they指前面的schools;anything but 此处的意思是“决不，远非”，counterbalance 的意思是“抗衡”,distaste的意思是“讨厌”。注意concluding…后面的宾语从句中各个词之间的肯定和否定关系。
② Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy.
▲第一句话的谓语动词是have，动名词短语充当了句子的主语。第二句话中的三个平行的动词不定式to think, to defend, to understand 作ability 的后置定语。
③Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education.
▲句子主干为一个直接引语，Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter后面连接的in Anti-Intellectualism in American life作状语，斜体部分为书名，和Pulitzer Prize winning book为同位语。
④Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual p

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