unit 7      Part 4

重点词汇：
postwar（战后）←post前缀“在后”+war；prewar  （战前）←pre前缀“在前”+war。postwar architecture — the accountants' revenge on the prewar businessmen's dreams 战后的建筑——会计师们对战前商人们的梦想的报复。
harmony（和谐，融洽）可看作har+mony，har谐音“哈”，mony即money，于是“哈！money！”→有钱很多事情都会变得“和谐”与“融洽”。No family harmony, no social stability.没有家庭的和睦，就没有社会的稳定。
sacrifice（v.n.牺牲；奉献）可看作sa+cri+fice，sa谐音似“杀”，cri看作cry（元音替换），fice看作face（元音替换），于是“因马上要被杀(sa)而泪留(cri)满面(fice)的东西”→牺牲。Good manners are made up of petty sacrifices.得体的举止由许多细小的牺牲构成。Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it.无论何时，只要有目标，你就要牺牲一定的自由以达到它。Success can be only one ingredient in happiness, and is too dearly purchased if all the other ingredients have been sacrificed to obtain.成功只能是幸福的一个因素，如果为了获得成功而牺牲其它幸福的因素，就未免得不偿失了。
counterpart（相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。
personality  （人格；个性）←person+ality名词后缀。Personality is to man what perfume is to a flower.个性之于人一如香气之于花。personality — everything that's false in a human, everything that's been added on to him and contrived 个性——人类身上所有虚假的东西，所有强加在他身上的不自然的东西。
assault  （v.n.攻击）即as+sault，as前缀=to，sault沪方言“烧掉”之谐音，于是“去把敌人的东西烧掉”→“火攻”→攻击。Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand.没有东西能抵挡笑声的进攻。
conservative  （保守的；保守主义者）即con+serv(e)+ative，con-前缀“全部”，serve词根“保持”（=keep），-ative后缀；参conservation（2002年Text 3）。When a nation's young men are conservative, its funeral bell is already rung.当一个国家的青年因循守旧，这个国家的丧钟即已敲响。conservative — ①someone who wants to keep what he already had lost ②a man who wants the rules changed so that no one can make a pile the way he did ③someone who believes that nothing should be done for the first time 守旧者——①试图保留已经失去的东西的人 ②希望改变一下规矩，使任何人都不能再像他那样赚钱的人 ③相信什么事都不应当有第一次的人。
authorities  （当局，官方）；原形为authority（权力；权威；权威者）←author作者+ity名词后缀。All authority belongs to the people.一切权力属于人民。Authority is not truth, but truth possesses the authority.权威不是真理，但真理拥有权威。authority — a high hat under which every donkey can hide his ears 权力——一顶高帽子，驴子戴上它也能遮住耳朵。
endure（v.忍受；持续）即en+dure，en-前缀“使”，dure词根“持续”（如durable→持久的）。We have all sufficient strength to endure the misfortunes of others.我们具有极其充足的力量来忍受他人的不幸。Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure.色彩会消退，庙宇会坍塌，帝国会崩溃，但智慧的话永存。
isolate（v.隔离，孤立）←isol+ate，isol即isle“小岛”（元音可增减替换），-ate动词后缀，使像小岛一样被“孤立”。The word, even the most contradictions word, preserves contact — it is silence which isolates.话语，甚至最矛盾的话语也维持着人们的联系——是沉默使人们隔离。
commute /kE5mju:t/ （v.乘公交车上下班，乘车船往返于两地）即com+mute，com-前缀“一起”，mute词根“交换”，于是“一直在两地间交换位置”→乘车往返上下班。参mutually，2003年Text 1。
divorce（v.n.离婚；分离）与diverse（多种多样的；不同的）一起记，“离婚”后双方就成为“不同的”人。
cultivation  （耕作；培养）←cultivat(e)+tion，cultivate（v.耕作；培养），-tion名词后缀。To cultivate oneself in disposition is not for the others, but for strengthening his own capacity in life.修养性情不是为了他人，而是为了加强自己的生活能力。
tolerant（宽容的）←toler+ant。The public is wonderfully tolerant — it forgives everything except genius.公众宽容得惊人——他们宽恕一切，除了天才。
难句解析：
①Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.
▲whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe是Japan的定语从句。
△千万注意hardly是否定词，相当于not。
②The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
▲本句的主语是The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market，谓语是have limited，宾语是the opportunities of teen-agers，而who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices inv

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