Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　What has science learned about what makes people happy? More than one might imagine—along with some surprising things about what doesn’t ring our inner chimes. Take wealth, for instance, and all the delightful things that money can buy. (46) Research by scientists has shown that once your basic needs are met, additional income does little to raise your sense of satisfaction with life. A good education? Sorry, neither education nor, for that matter, a high IQ paves the road to happiness. Youth? No, again. In fact, older people are more consistently satisfied with their lives that the young. And they’re less prone to dark moods. Marriage? A complicated picture: married people are generally happier than singles, but that may be because they were happier to begin with。

　　On the positive side, friendship seems to genuinely lift the spirit. (47) A study found that the most salient characteristics shared by the 10% of students with the highest levels of happiness and the fewest signs of depression were their strong ties to friends and family and commitment to spending time with them。

　　Of course, happiness is not a static state. Even the happiest of people—the cheeriest 10%—feel blue at times. And even the bluest have their moments of joy. That has presented a challenge to social scientists trying to measure happiness. Researchers have devised several methods of assessment. One of the most basic and widely used tools is the Satisfaction with Life Scale. (48) Though some scholars have questioned the validity of this simple, five-question survey, it squares well with other measures of happiness, such as impressions from friends and family, expression of positive emotion and low incidence of depression。

　　(49) Adrian White from the University of Leicester has complied a map of global happiness, using responses to the Satisfaction with Life Scale questionnaire. (50) If you ask those questions of people in 180 nations and normalize the data so that your unhappiest country (Burundi) equals 100 and your happiest (Denmark) equals 273 and color code all countries by their happiness (darker equals happier)， you get this lovely map。

　　参考答案

　　Part C(10 points)

　　46.科学家的研究表明，一旦你的基本需求得到满足，额外的收入对提高你生活满意度的作用便微乎其微。

　　47.一项研究发现，在快乐程度最高并且最没有沮丧表现的学生群体中，有10%的人最显著的特点就是和朋友、家庭成员联系紧密，并且致力于花时间和他们呆在一起。

　　48.尽管一些学者对这种仅有五个问题的简单问卷调查的有效性提出疑问，但它与其他对快乐的测评方法表现出了一致性，例如来自朋友和家庭成员的印象、积极情绪的表达，以及沮丧情绪的低发生率。

　　49.莱斯特大学的艾德里安·怀特运用人们对“生活满意程度问卷调查”的回答，编制了一张反应全球快乐状况的地图。

　　50.如果你用上述问题提问180个国家的人民并且统一量化这些数据——最不快乐的国家布隆迪数值为100，最快乐的国家丹麦数值为273，然后安快乐水平用颜色深浅标示(颜色越深，表示越快乐)，你就回得到这张有趣的地图了。

　　全文翻译

　　什么东西使人感到快乐？科学对此有何了解？比人们所想想的要多。此外，对于并不能使人内心震撼的事情，科学也有一些惊人发现。比如财富，以及一切可以用金钱买来的令人愉快的东西。科学家的研究表明，一旦你的基本需求得到满足，额外的收入对提高你生活满意度的作用便微乎其微。

　　良好的教育？抱歉，无论是教育还是智商，都不是通向快乐的途径。年轻？又错了。事实上，年长者比起年轻人对他们的生活更能感觉到持久的满足，而且较少倾向于情绪失落。婚姻？这是一个复杂的情况：已婚人士大体比单身时要快了些，但可能因为他们正处于婚姻生活开始的时候。

　　从积极的方面来讲，友谊似乎会真正提高人的精神状态。一项研究发现，在快乐程度最高并且最没有沮丧表现的学生群体中，有10%的人最显著的特点就是和朋友、家庭成员联系紧密，并且致力于花时间和他们呆在一起。

　　当然，快乐并非一个静止状态。即使最快乐的人——最兴高采烈的10%——也会有感到忧郁的时候；而最忧郁的人也会有高兴的片刻。这为社会科学家们带来了一个挑战：如何来测量快乐。研究者们已经设计了几种估算方法。其中最基本、运用最广泛的一种就是“生活满意程度”。尽管一些学者对这种仅有五个问题的简单问卷调查的有效性提出疑问，但它与其他对快乐的测评方法表现出了一致性，例如来自朋友和家庭成员的印象、积极情绪的表达，以及沮丧情绪的低发生率。

　　莱斯特大学的艾德里安·怀特运用人们对“生活满意程度问卷调查”的回答，编制了一张反应全球快乐状况的地图。如果你用上述问题提问180个国家的人民并且统一量化这些数据——最不快乐的国家布隆迪数值为100，最快乐的国家丹麦数值为273，然后安快乐水平用颜色深浅标示(颜色越深，表示越快乐)，你就回得到这张有趣的地图了。