考研语法难点精析 |
作者:佚名 文章来源:不详 点击数: 更新时间:2007-2-26 12:42:43 |
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交流”之义的短语
shake hands with (与某人握手)
exchange/change seats with sb (与某人交换座位)
exchange greetings with sb. (与某人相互问好)
change trains (换火车)
take turns (轮流)
③有些约定俗成的短语
take pains (煞费苦心)
at (the) pains (下苦功)
make arrangements (安排)
make preparations for (为。。。作准备)
keep up one's spririts (振奋精神)
in high spirits (情绪高昂)
语法难点精析之十:集体名词的类与群
表示一群人或物的名词叫集体(或集合)名词。为便于弄清其特点,我们不妨把它们分为表示无生命的物的“类”和表示主要是由人(有少数是低等动物)构成的“群”的集体名词。
⑴表示“类”的集体名词,常见的有
clothing
furniture
baggage/luggage
jewelry
traffic
infomation
machinery
merchandise
produce
scenery
它们指同一类的许多东西,其用法与不可数名词相当:
①形式上总是单数,没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数。
如:
The old machinery is out of date.
这些旧机器过时了。
②不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much,little,some,a piece of,an article of等。
如:
Each room has five pieces of furniture.
每个房间有五件家具。
③若需用代词,用单数代词。
如:
Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.
你想看我的珠宝吗?它在我的箱子里。
⑵表示“群”的集体名词常见的有
(Ⅰ)
peeple
police
cattle
poultry
vermin
clergy
militia
(Ⅱ)
family
class
team
government
vrowd
committee
crew
jury
party
firm
couple
board
group
gang
enemy
union
audience
public
mankind
humanity
youth
▲上述(Ⅰ)部分的词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
如:
The police are looking for him.
警察当局正在找他。
▲▲上述(Ⅱ)部分的词把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。
如:
My family is a large one.
我家是个大家庭。
My family are all workers.
我的家人都是工人。
▲▲▲上述(Ⅰ)部分的词以及public,church,audience,mankind,humanity等通常只有单数形式,也不能直接加a(n)(audience除外);其中clergy,public,church,youth,police等的前面通常要加the。
▲▲▲▲把一个集体名词看作单数或复数,要注意前后一致。
如:
The team is famous for its(不能用their) long history.
该对以历史悠久而闻名。
He has joined the football team who are (不可用whichi is) all famous footballers.
他参加了一个队员全是著名足球选手的那个足球队。
语法难点精析之十一:名词作定语的情况
作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
⒈材料
a diamond necklace
a bamboo pole
paper money
a stone bridge
⒉用途
a meeting room
the telephone poles
the railway staion
trade union
water pipe
welcome speech
eye drops
⒊时间
a day bed
the dinner party
the Apring and Autum Period
evening suit
midday lunch
⒋地点
London hotels
Beijing University
body temperature
the spaceship floor
the kitchen window
⒌内容
a story book
piano lessons
the sports meet
oxygen supply
the air pressure
the grammar rules
⒍类别
children education
enemy soldiers
a bus driver
语法难点精析之十二:no more(...)than与not more(...)than 的用法
在阅读理解里面,我们经常会遇到自己认为熟悉短语,于是便按照字面意思去理解。实际上,在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思,不能按其字面意思去理解,象这样的短语有很多,这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more(...)than与not more(...)than 的用法先解释清楚,希望对大家有所帮助:
(1)不用于比较,后接数词时,no more than意为“仅仅,只不过,只有”(=only),而not more than意为“至多,不超过”(=at the most).
eg:There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket.
篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。(暗指15个鸡蛋太少)
eg:There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket.
篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于15个)
(2)用语两者的比较时:“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定,相当于neither...nor...
eg:This story is no more interesting than that one.(=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.)
这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。
“not+形容词或副词比较级+than"是普通的比较级结构,表示前者不如后者,相当于not so...as...
eg:This story is not more interesting than that one.(=This story is not so interesting as that one.) 语法难点精析之十三:rather than,more...than,other than的用法
(1)rather than 用来表示“是。。。而不是。。。”,通常连接两个并列成分
eg:He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
他是位艺术家而不是位哲学家。
(2)sb/sth is more A than B表示“与其说sb/sth是B,不如说是A”
eg:He is more an artist than a philosopher.
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